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Distribution of pharmaceuticals in wastewater treatment plants
Šilhánková, Lenka ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with a trending topic – wastewater distribution of pharmaceuticals proven to be toxic to non-target organisms – specifically, the occurrence of beta-blockers, plentifully used in treating hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases, is discussed. Members of this group, Atenolol, Acebutolol and Bisoprolol were chosen for closer study. The elimination of these chemicals was observed in three wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) with different treatment technologies and various number of population equivalents. For said analytes, UHPLC with UV/VIS detection using diode array detector (DAD) method was optimalised. A part of this thesis also deals with optimalization of isolation and concentrating the analytes. Unfortunately, the described method was not suitable for real sample analysis, because in most samples, the limit of quantification or even the limit of detection was not exceeded. It would be best for an analytical method with higher sensitivity, e. g. mass detector, to be used. The data gained in this experiment do not hold any informational value about the effectiveness of WWTP, as the exact amount of Acebutolol in effluent was measured only in one case. Based on the to-date executed analysis, it is impossible to conclude whether the quality of the treated water, concerning the content of aforementioned pharmaceuticals, is in any way ideal.
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Wastewater treatment plant testbed controlled by PLC
Kopáč, Ondřej ; Blažek, Petr (referee) ; Pospíšil, Ondřej (advisor)
This master thesis deals with the design of a wastewater treatment plant, which will be controlled by a PLC. The theoretical part describes the types of wastewater and sewage systems that are important in the design of wastewater treatment plants. The thesis also describes programmable logic controllers, theirs programming languages, SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) systems and automation.The thesis also deals with theoretical description of wastewater treatment plants, their functions and security. Next part describes the design of the wastewater treatment plant. The last part of the thesis describes implementation of the wastewater treatment plant controlled by a PLC.
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Biological pretreatment sewages water
Veselý, Václav ; Beňo, Zdeněk (referee) ; Pěček, Jan (advisor)
Bachelor's thesis deals with waste water purification at the stage of pre-inflow of water into the biological waste water treatment plants. It is divided into two parts, a theoretical and calculation. The theoretical part deals about sewage water and the method of biological treatment. Design proposal is part of the activation tank for quantity EO.
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Ecotoxicological Assessment of Point Pollution in the Ecosystem
Doležalová, Šárka ; Beklová, Miroslava (referee) ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Koutný, Marek (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
The main subject of this dissertation is the ecotoxicological evaluation of significant point sources of pollution. These include wildfires and wide fires of factories and also industrial and urban wastewater treatment plants. The local application of pyrolytic product obtained from sewage sludge as the point source of pollution was also included in the thesis. Tests in aquatic and contact arrangement with using both water and soil organisms for ecotoxicity evaluation of selected matrices were chosen. Crustaceans Thamnocephalus platyurus, Daphnia magna Straus and sea bacteria Vibrio fischeri were selected as representative organisms of water animals. Duckweed Lemna minor was chosen as water plant. Further collembola Folsomia candida and earthworm Eisenia fetida were chosen as representatives of soil animals. Finally onion Allium cepa L. and mustard Sinapis alba are representatives of terrestrial plants. Submitted thesis deals about analytes of interest, their properties and ways of distribution to the environments. The output of the thesis is a comprehensive assessment of the effects of selected point sources of pollution on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems organisms and ecotoxicological risks assessment. The fire extinguishing agents have been proven to be the most stressful substances for all selecteded organisms.
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The partial model of sewage treatment plant
Novák, Petr ; Ptáček, Michal (referee) ; Radil, Lukáš (advisor)
The thesis deals with wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). For the energetic self-sufficiency of the WWTP, it is necessary to study the operational background, equipment and their possible operational prediction for energy distribution over time and adaptation to any renewable energy (RES). It is also possible to optimize the operation to maximize the equalization of the input power. We're talking about small WWTPs up to 500 EP. Large purification blocks are also an option. The student will evaluate the current state of knowledge and try to design and possibly implement the financial savings of the given concept.
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Level scraping systems of settlement tanks
Rusník, Tomáš ; Hort, Filip (referee) ; Brandejs, Jan (advisor)
Main topic of this bachelor thesis is analyse of settlement tanks scraping equipements in sewage plants. Settlement tank at the wastewater treatment plant is part of the so-called bio-lines, which is used for the separation of activated sludge from waste water. Activated sludge settles in the settling zone. Part of the sludge flotates to the surface of the tank, usually in the space between the inflow cylinder and overflow edge, respectively. This sludge, biological or chemical origin, may, at the massive occurrence, outflow to the recipient and causes worse quality of the effluent. The sludge is therefore necessary to remove from surface of the settlement tank. Some of the different systems of sludge collection have been developer during last decades. The equipments and their function are descriped in my work.
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Technical economical valuation of WWTP´s sludge treatment
Petřík, Jiří ; Raček,, Jakub (referee) ; Hlavínek, Petr (advisor)
This diploma thesis is focused on sludge management of wastewater treatment plant. The research work contains an overview of the related legislation, outlines the problems of sludge treatment in the Czech Republic and also deals with technologies and technical solutions that are related to the processing and treatment of sewage sludge for various size categories of wastewater treatment plants. The second part is devoted to the technical and economic assessment of wastewater treatment plants in the category from 500 EO to 2 000 EO. The assessment is based on real data provided by WWTP operators and focuses on electricity consumption, investment costs and operating costs. Part of the diploma thesis is also determining the rentability of drainage equipment, and studying the convenience of using mobile or stationary drainage equipment.
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Design of Selected Parts of Machinery in WWTP focused on Improving Hydraulic Efficiency
Zejda, Vojtěch ; Reppich, Marcus (referee) ; Jegla, Zdeněk (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
The wastewater treatment process is one of the most important processes which contributes to the protection of the environment. This process can also potentially recover necessary and scarce raw materials, such as phosphorus. Research of the wastewater treatment technology is an increasingly relevant topic and more innovative knowledge should be gradually implemented into existing plants. However, the implementation of such technology involves increased investment and often operating costs. This is, why there is a growing interest in improving the energy intensity and hydraulic efficiency of the installed wastewater plant machinery. The optimization of operating parameters in such machinery can also bring significant savings, which can be potentially re-invested into other technologies. This work deals with the issue of proper evaluation of installed machinery for the selection of operating parameters and assessment of their significance. As the challenge, wastewater treatment technology is very sensitive towards the combination of technological equipment and incorrect operational parameters can lead to erroneous evaluation of the efficiency of individual equipment or inappropriate engineering proposals. To eliminate these risks, an analytical procedure for the selection and evaluation of parameters is proposed in this work. This procedure is demonstrated on six types of equipment. To verify the conclusions of the proposed procedure, a model design of the equipment was performed, in which the influence of individual parameters was concisely assessed. By using the data, the proposed procedure could be validated more specifically. In this work, the necessary data for the design was obtained by experimental research and extensive testing. The results confirm the practical applicability of the proposed procedure.
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PPCP in water and their influence on water ecosystems
Bláhová, Marie ; Fuksa, Josef (advisor) ; Matoušková, Milada (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to identify the main representatives of a wide group of Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP for short) and to explain the reasons why they pose an increasing risk to aquatic ecosystems. In the theoretical part, the work is devoted to defining the concept of PPCP and explaining the main reasons why their concentration in the aquatic environment has been growing steadily in recent decades. It also deals with the division into the main groups of preparations found in the aquatic environment, their characteristics, documented impacts on aquatic organisms and currently detected concentrations in the world's rivers. In the following chapters, the thesis addresses the issue of the effectiveness of the removal of these substances and the mechanisms by which they can be improved. The work briefly summarizes the effects on the organisms caused by both bioaccumulation and endocrine disruption and at the end of the theoretical part deals with the properties of ten selected drugs, which are regularly detected in Czech rivers. The practical part evaluates the volume of sales of ten drugs in the Czech Republic during 2019, their detected concentrations in the rivers Vltava, Elbe, Morava and Dyje and processing these data to assess the risk of concentrations found for...
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Sink disposers and theirs importance in biological degradable waste removal.
Amemori, Anna ; Benešová, Libuše (advisor) ; Doležalová, Markéta (referee)
Some 30 - 50 % of municipal solid waste (MSW) is biodegradable waste. Most of this waste is sent to landfills or incinerated and is not recovered. According to Waste Management Plan of Czech Republic based on the Landfill Directive of EU, Czech Republic should to reduce weight of biodegradable waste sent to lanndfills to 75 % in 2010 and 35 % in 2020 compared with the amount that had been landfilled in 1995. In rural areas biodegradable waste is fed to animals or treated by home composting. However in urban areas the collection of separated biowaste is problem for a long time. Food waste disposers (FWDs) presents interesting alternative for the biowaste disposal. They enable the separation of food waste at source by shreding it in a kitchen sink. FWDs utilize existing infrastructure of sewer system to transport shreded wastes to wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Wastes can be disposed in WWTPs by anaerobic digestion - the best method for disposal of food waste of animal origin. This work concentrates on literature research of studies about feasibility of FWD as a instrument for biodegradable waste removal and compares arguments for and against using of FWDs in households. Majority of studies shows no complications in sewer system and on WWTP after instalation of FWDs. Energetic and hydraulic consumption...
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